الخميس، 9 أغسطس 2012

Crude retreats amid hopes to solve the debt problem

Fallen crude oil futures on Thursday, with traders selling goods sells to reap gains after rising on Wednesday, which led to high prices to the highest level in three months.

On the New York Mercantile Exchange, crude oil was trading, crude 93.20 September in dollars per barrel during European morning trading, down by 0.16%.

Crude oil turned higher on Wednesday after a weekly inventory report from the US Energy Department showed a bigger than expected reduction of crude and petroleum products.

And the u.s. Energy Information Administration said that US stocks of crude oil fell by 3.7 million barrels in the week ending August 3, more-than-expected decline in 0.26 million barrels.

The Administration said that gasoline stocks fell by total 1.8 million barrels, while distillate stocks, which include heating oil and diesel fuel, fell by 0.7 million barrels.

According to the American Petroleum Institute, an industry group, United States crude oil stocks declined by 5350000 barrels last week, much more than the expected decrease of 0.26 million barrels.

The market remained supported by enhanced baalamal that the ECB will reduce the height of the Spanish and Italian borrowing costs next month.

At the same time, he supported the continued concerns about instability in the Middle East and fears of interrupted supplies from the North Sea oil prices.

The London-based Futures Exchange, Brent oil futures for September delivery increased by 0.25% to trade at $ 109.84 a barrel, where a difference between Brent crude contracts and when 18.65. $ Per barrel

Dollar rises against major counterparts on pending the decision of the Central Bank

Forex pros-USD rises against most major currencies Thursday, after European Central Bank cuts growth forecast, with sentiment supported by the Center remained the renewed hopes for new stimulus measures by global central banks.

During the European morning trading, the dollar rose against the euro, with the euro/dollar fell by 0.23% to deliberate upon 1.2334.

The euro came under pressure after European Central Bank could report monthly forecast contraction of 0.2% to 0.3% in 2012, but noted the growth of 0.6% in 2013, and 1.4% in 2014.

Market sentiment remained supported by enhanced baalamal that the ECB will reduce the height of the Spanish and Italian borrowing costs next month.

The dollar remained stable against the pound, with GBP/USD fell by 0.04 ٪ليسجل 1.5650.

Official data showed that the trade deficit in the United Kingdom had expanded more than expected in June, reaching one billion pound deficit 10.1 billion from 8.4 billion pounds the previous month.

Analysts expect the trade deficit to widen in the United Kingdom to 8.6 billion pounds in June.

Elsewhere, the dollar rose against the yen and the Swiss franc, with rising USD/JPY rate 0.06% to score high and 78.47 USD/CHF rose 0.26% of traded at 0.9739.

At its last meeting of the policy-making Central Bank left the amount of the purchase of assets when Japanese 45 trillion yen and its lending at 25 trillion yen. And the Bank also left interest rates close to zero, in a move that was widely expected.

Commenting on these decisions, said Central Bank Governor Masaaki Shirakawa of Japan had not forced the Council to make incentives unless the rising value of the yen.

The dollar remained stable, up against the Australian and Canadian counterparts and New Zealand, with a higher Canadian dollar/0.06% to 0.9949, the Australian dollar slipped 0.01% to score New Zealand slipped and 1.0567/USD 0.34% of traded at 0.8119.

Official data showed that the change in jobs in New Zealand dropped unexpectedly in the second quarter, by 0.1% after rising by 0.4% in the previous quarter.

And New Zealand's unemployment rate rose unexpectedly to 6.8%.

In Australia, official data showed that the economy added 14,000 jobs in July, while expectations increased after decrease 28300 10200 in the previous month.

The report also showed that Australia's unemployment rate unexpectedly fell to 5.2%.

In addition, export-related currency remained supported after data showed consumer inflation in China dropped to the lowest level in 30 months in July, adding to speculation that the country's Central Bank had carried out more cash.

The dollar index, which measures the greenback's performance against a basket of six other major currencies, up 0.15% 84.41 to score.

Later in the day, the United States will release official data on trade balance and initial unemployment claims.

الأربعاء، 8 أغسطس 2012

Brent above $ 111 a barrel with expectations falling North Sea production

Crude oil has stepped up to the beginning of the early trading with low potential for producing North Sea next month to a record low, and shipped price hopes that the Federal Reserve (the US Federal Bank) and of the European Central Bank further monetary loosening actions and because of tensions in the Middle East.

Brent contracts rose by 17: 07: 04 GMT by 0.02% registered trading levels around $ 91.38 a barrel, trading crude oil futures for September delivery is $ 88.2 for barrel levels and top $ 112.79 recorded when the barrel and lower at $ 96.63 a barrel compared with the opening price at $ 90.08 a barrel.

Rose Brent contracts with fears about supplies due to maintenance work in the North Sea and Middle East tensions and the start of the hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico that could hinder oil and gas production, and Brent contract depends on four of the North Sea crudes are Brent wefortis wasbrg waikovisk, and scheduled for release schedule for exports of Fortis later on Tuesday and may indicate a decline in supplies to a record level for the four raw materials.

Brent September delivery contracts rose at a pace higher than contracts associated with October which means that crude oil futures contracts for next month after month worth less, and this is what is known in the market under the condition of the slope of the regression, and refers to a strong rise in demand for crude oil.

Crude oil prices supported expectations US stocks lower over the past week and this indication of improved demand for crude oil from the world's largest consumer, is expected to decrease inventory levels of 1.5 million barrels compared to the substantial decline in inventory during the previous week at 6.2 million barrels.

Enhanced crude oil futures gains after the American Petroleum Institute said u.s. crude stocks fell 5.4 million barrels local last week compared with expectations fall 300,000 barrels

Crude oil prices benefited from expectations that the ECB will buy government bonds of countries struggling to contain the European debt crisis, and investors that the Bank manipulated FBI agent became close to launch a new round of quantitative easing.

Gold stable over $ 1600 with hopes of monetary loosening of global central banks

Gold prices fell in early European session slightly but remains stable over $ 1,600 per ounce with expectations that the ECB will buy government bonds of countries struggling to contain the European debt crisis, and investors that the Bank manipulated FBI agent became close to launch a new round of quantitative easing.

Hover gold prices since the beginning of the week above the psychological barrier of $ 1,600 an ounce benefiting from increased euro after German Government backtracked on its position and supported the proposals of the European Central Bank Governor Mario draghi to buy government bonds from Italy and Spain for control of high yield bonds.

Growing expectations that the European Central movement after European Central Bank Governor Mario draghi in past interest resolution that monetary policy makers will do everything necessary to ensure the safe rescue system the single currency (euro), including control over the surge in borrowing costs.

Gold prices traded within a narrow range, with investors continuing suspense the ECB purchased bonds of struggling European countries, having manipulated the investors will decide this step in the next few weeks, and this is what will boost demand for gold as an inflation hedge.

Gold prices fell in real-time at 06: 35 GMT by 0.20% registered trading levels 1, $ 607.51 per ounce and recorded the highest at 1, 612.44 $ and lower at 1, $ 607.40 compared with the opening price at 1, 612.13 $, silver prices traded around $ 27.93 levels per ounce compared with the opening price at $ 28.11 and minimum recorded at $ 27.92 up when $ 28.12.

Gold prices derived its strength with the US dollar on the lowest level for three weeks with the talk about ease monetary policy in the United States weaker US dollar, and push investors to buy gold as a hedge and increased gains on gold.

Investor speculation built to facilitate monetary policy in the United States on the latest us jobs report, which noted the high rate of unemployment, despite the rising number of jobs added to the economy, and recent US data growth slowing growth this year faster over pressure on Federal Bank near United States of monetary loosening to support economic growth.

Dear reader, will keep gold prices traded within a narrow range during the current period until the Central Bank move, especially with the absence of basic data of important global economies as well as the decline in trading volumes.

Euro up 1.24 for the first time in three weeks

The euro jumped against the dollar on Thursday registered the highest level for three weeks after the German Government with the support of the European proposals for Central Bank Governor Mario draghi to buy government bonds from Italy and Spain for control of high yield bonds.




The euro benefited from the declining pace of contraction of the Italian economy during the second quarter of this year with this recession may be the Italian economy shrank for the fourth consecutive quarter amid worsening sovereign debt crisis in the euro area, which led the Government to adopt austerity policies technocratic to reduce soaring public debt, currently trading around levels 1 pair, 2417 and top record at levels 1, 2432 and minimum at 1, 2432 compared with the opening price at 1, 2,415.




Levels of the pound against the US dollar, taking advantage of the tendency of investors to buy high yielding assets with improved investor risk appetite, and low on basic data showed industrial production in the United Kingdom during the July pace worse than last month, but it's better than expectations suggesting to the poor performance of the industrial sector amid a decline in exports, and with the country in recession for the third quarter, respectively, and is currently traded around the husband, 5656 record levels 1 up when levels 1, 5,084 and minimum at 1, price comparison 5562nd Opening at 1, 5599.




Dollar stable on lowest level since five weeks with hopes of Federal Bank moved near to launch a third round of QE over the past few weeks, and this after recent interest in the 
 
decision its readiness to take further measures and incentives to support the largest economy in the world if needed, and is currently traded on the USDIX index and log up when 82.12 82.40 and lower when compared with the opening price 82.10 when 82.26.

USD/JPY retreats in cautious trade amid anticipation of the Central Bank's decision

Forex-US dollar rise of amkabl Japanese yen in cautious trading Wednesday but sentiment remains supported by continuing amid hopes that the ECB will take further measures to contain a sovereign debt crisis in the euro area.

Amounted to USD/JPY during early European dealings 78.34, the lowest price for the day, and the cohesion of the husband when 78.41, by 0.25%.

The pair was likely to find support when 77.99, lowest price since July 26 and resistance at the highest price in 78.96, 5 June.

Supported sentiment amid expectations remained that the ECB will soon ykhez steps to help reduce borrowing costs Spanish and Italian, Mario Draghi, head of the Bank for the last week that the Bank had resumed its programme of buying bonds.

Market sentiment remained upbeat with investors waiting for more details on the programme to overcome the crisis in the euro zone.

The European Central Bank said that work would be conditional on the commitment of the Governments of the euro area experiencing difficulty in bond markets to strict conditions in order to activate rescue funds and buying Government bonds.

Investors remained cautious after the revised Agency standard & poor's credit rating Outlook to negative from stable to Greece on Tuesday, saying that a deteriorating economy raising the prospect of further unrest and the need for further support from lenders from the European Union.

Meanwhile, the markets were also looking forward to meeting of the monetary policy of the Bank of Japan continued two days which is due to end on Thursday.

Earlier in the day, government data showed that Japan's current account rose by more than expected in June, to 0.77 trillion yen from 1.49 trillion yen in the previous month.

Analysts had expected the current account to hit JPY0.75 trillion.

Elsewhere, the yen rose against the euro with the decline of the EUR/JPY rate 0.49%, to 95.04.

Later in the day, the United States will be issued about metadata in non-agricultural production, followed by a Government report on crude oil inventories.

Gold declined in cautious trading pending Central Bank assistance

Forex pros-gold futures retreated Wednesday after rising in the previous three days amid the hopes of resolving the crisis aliorro with the help of central banks to support economic growth.

Section of the New York Mercantile COMEX, futures trading for October delivery gold when 313.76, 1 dollars per ounce during the early European dealings, the proportion of 0.18%.

Gold futures contract was likely to find support at 601.80 dollars per ounce the lowest price on Monday and resistance at 618, 33, the highest price on Tuesday.

Gold continued to be supported by expectations that the ECB will soon take steps to help reduce the cost of borrowing in Spanish and Italian, Mario Draghi, the Bank announced last week that the Bank had resumed its programme of buying bonds.

Market sentiment remained upbeat with investors waiting for more details on the programme to overcome the crisis in the euro zone.

The European Central Bank said that work would be conditional on the commitment of the Governments of the euro area experiencing difficulty in bond markets to strict conditions in order to activate rescue funds and buying Government bonds.

Investors remained cautious after the revised Agency standard & poor's credit rating Outlook to negative from stable to Greece on Tuesday, saying that a deteriorating economy raising the prospect of further unrest and the need for further support from lenders from the European Union.

Meanwhile, the markets were also looking forward to meeting of the monetary policy of the Bank of Japan continued two days which is due to end on Thursday.

In the United States, fed comments Federal Reserve Chairman Boston Eric Rosengren speculation work a further easing by the Central Bank in the United States.

Rosengren said must launch a new round of quantitative easing to any size to revive economic again..

The remarks came after data last week which showed that the unemployment rate in the US rose unexpectedly by 8.3% in July from 8.2% in the previous month.

Gold and the dollar traded inversely as the negotiations round of QE to put pressure on the dollar and weaken it and raise the price of the yellow metal.

In the meantime, will the actual demand from India, the world's largest consumer of gold, a little before the festival season, which starts this month and continue through until November, as a result of poor rains.

Rainfall in India as a whole 20% lower than the average for 50 years, with half during the monsoon season, India faces the prospect of full dry in some areas.

Elsewhere in Coombs September silver fell abensbh 0.76% to trade at 27 853 dollars per ounce, while copper for September delivery dropped by 0.95% to deliberate upon 3 407 dollars a pound.

الثلاثاء، 7 أغسطس 2012

Currencies and metals rise and the dollar weakens again

Dear market rose today, with support from news that have been through the day despite mixed data major major world economies, as well as some European and American companies have to disclose financial results for the second quarter of this year, bearing in mind that the Italian economy contracted by 0.7% during the second quarter, but better than expectations.
For the old continent, the Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti from Neil confidence Tuesday on the Bill cut spending by 4.5 billion euros, equivalent to 5.59 billion dollars this year to rein in deficits and delay the planned increase in the sales tax.
While the Department of bank supervision of the State of New York morning threat of abolition of banking license in the State of Britain's Standard Chartered Bank after reports have been that the Bank had dealings in excess of 250 billion US dollars with Iran in violation of u.s. laws Bank.
For trading price of gold dear reader, have returned to deliberate rise compared to today's opening levels, which amounted to 1610.37 dollars per ounce, gold metal traded at 4: 05 pm EST (GMT + 3) at levels of $ 1614.69, taking into account that gold touched its lowest level during the day so far at $ 1608.75, while for the top level at $ 1618.34.
With regard to the weakest to date, the US dollar fell today, as the u.s. dollar index-the index that measures the strength and performance of the dollar against a basket of major currencies--from the opening levels of trading amounted to 82.26 at 16: 06 GMT (GMT + 3) at 82.14 knowing that the indicator reached its highest level during the day at a minimum and 82.40 82.04.
For pair EUR/USD rose to deliberate at 16: 07 GMT (GMT + 3) at 1.2419 dollars, compared to the opening levels 1.2398 highest grossing $ during the day at $ 1.2441 and lower levels so far when 1.2374 dollars.
And talk about pair Sterling against the US dollar also rose to deliberate at 16: 08 GMT (GMT + 3) at levels of $ 1.5675 compared to its opening levels at $ 1.5599, also the lowest level reached during the day at $ 1.5682 touch the highest level at $ 1.5562.

الاثنين، 6 أغسطس 2012

USD/CHF rises in cautious trading.

Forex pros-the dollar rose against the Swiss franc on Monday, with market participants remained cautious amid concerns about the effectiveness of the new measures to reduce the debt crisis in the euro zone.

USD/CHF reached during European trading 0.9734 morning, the highest price for the session and the coherence of the husband later when 0.9718, high ratio of 0.15%.

The pair was likely to find support at 0.9655, the lowest price for the session and for a month and resistance at the highest price 0.9807 since July 27.

Market sentiment remained supported after the European Central Bank said Thursday it has resumed its programme of buying securities, to help reduce borrowing costs Spanish and Italian.

While investors worried amid concerns about the effectiveness of the European Central Bank to buy new bonds, in light of the differences of current bank system.

Boosted risk appetite after data released on Friday showing that the u.s. economy added 163, 000 jobs in July, the largest increase since February last beyond expectation to raise 100,000.

However, the unemployment rate in the United States increased by 8.3%, from 8.2% in the previous month, on speculation about the possibility of increasing cash incentives from the alvidraler reserve.
Investor sentiment was also hit, amid renewed fears that Spain may require new rescue plan after Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said Madrid may need to request assistance, the European financial stability facility.

The Swiss franc rose against the euro, with the euro/Swiss franc fell by 0.05% to deliberate 1.2013.

Later in the day, the euro zone will post a report on investor confidence.

In the United States, the President of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke to speak, and his remarks will be monitored closely by investors

Euro/British pound rises amid concern debt crisis in the euro area

Forex-Euro rise to highest level in a month against the weak pound widely Monday, but gains were limited amid concerns about how to take effective steps by the European Central Bank to deal with the debt crisis in the euro area.

Amounted to EUR/GBP during the European morning trading 0.7946, the highest price for the pair since July 9, when 0.7942, the husband cohesion high 0.30%.

The pair was likely to find support near term when 0.7916, lowest price, and resistance at the highest price, 0.7983 on July 6.

The pound came under pressure amid concerns that the Bank of England would cut its forecast for growth in the quarterly inflation report on Wednesday, raising the prospect of further monetary relief measures from the Central Bank.

Earlier Monday, a report from the Halifax mortgage lending that house prices in Britain fell by 0.6% in July, slightly more than forecast to decline 0.5%, which indicates that the pattern of housing prices broadly stable and unchanged.

The euro remained supported after the European Central Bank Thursday that he may resume its programme of buying securities, to help reduce the cost of borrowing on the Spanish and Italian.

While investors worried amid concerns about the effectiveness of the European Central Bank to buy new bonds in the light of the differences of current bank system.

Boosted risk appetite after data released on Friday showing that the u.s. economy added 163, 000 jobs in July, the largest increase since February last beyond expectation to raise 100,000.

However, the unemployment rate in the United States increased by 8.3%, from 8.2% in the previous month, on speculation about the possibility of increasing cash incentives from the alvidraler reserve.
Investor sentiment was also hit, amid renewed fears that Spain may require new rescue plan after Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said Madrid may need to request assistance, the European financial stability facility.
Sterling slipped against the dollar, with the decline of GBP/USD ratio 0.49% to 1.5565.

Later in the day, the euro zone will post a report on investor confidence.

In the United States, the President of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke to speak, and his remarks will be monitored closely by investors

الجمعة، 3 أغسطس 2012

Gold Futures rose during the European session

Forexpros-gold futures rose during the European session on Friday.

By COMEX for the New York Mercantile Exchange, gold futures trading in October to USD1596.65 per ounce writing news, rose 0.51 percent.

I was already trading at a high USD1596.65 per ounce. Gold has found support at USD1585.25 and resistance to USD1629.25.

The dollar index, which measures the greenback's performance against a basket of six other major currencies, declined by 0.50% to trade at USD82.98.

At the same time on the COMEX, silver price rose for the month of September rose 0.86 percent to trade at USD27.228 per ounce, while copper price rose for the month of September, 0.77% to trade at USD3.316 a pound.

Gold Futures fell at the u.s. United

Forexpros-gold futures declined during the u.s. session on Thursday.

By COMEX for the New York Mercantile Exchange, gold futures trading in October to USD1590.05 per ounce as of the writing of Al Khobar, fell by 0.94%.

I was already trading on a low USD1585.25 per ounce. Gold has found support at USD1585.25 and resistance to USD1629.25.

The dollar index, which measures the greenback's performance against a basket of six other major currencies, rose by 0.24% to trade at USD83.42.

At the same time on the COMEX, silver price fell for the month of September rose 1.71 percent to trade at USD27.063 per ounce, while copper price fell for the month of September by 2.36% to trade at USD3.295 a pound.

Natural gas futures dropped during u.s. United

Forexpros-natural gas futures declined during the u.s. session on Thursday.

According to the New York Mercantile Exchange, was trade in natural gas futures contract in September to USD2.922 per million BTU at the time of writing the news, fell by 7.84%.

I was already trading on a low USD2.913 per million BTU. Natural gas find points of support and resistance to USD3.276 USD2.913.

The dollar index, which measures the greenback's performance against a basket of six other major currencies, rose by 0.28% to trade at USD83.45.

At the same time on NYMEX, the price of crude oil fell for the month of September by 1.99% to trade at USD87.14 per barrel, while heating oil prices fell for the month of September increased by 0.65% to trade at USD2.8403 per gallon.

الأربعاء، 1 أغسطس 2012

What is Forex? The Forex Exchange market

Forex market or currency – is the most important branch of financial trade and most useful and accessible to all. A million merchants and over five days a week using more features and greater volumes of liquidity for trading in the world. Forex is today one of the most important new financial markets and most revolutionary in the world of trade.

We offer you to take a look at the history of the emergence of FX and also learn the key features of quality
The word "FX" means in a nutshell the Forex market or stock exchange foreign money world which fits to the word "FOReign EXchange market" in English. And are speculative by buying and selling currencies which possess the core share of operations in the Forex market is the u.s. dollar (USD) (base) and euro (EUR) and pounds sterling (GBP), Swiss franc (CHF), Japanese yen (JPY).
And those are buy and sell currency in u.s. dollars or other currencies among themselves which is known as currency pairs in US dollar or any currency against another currency. Is speculation on currency trading in stock exchanges, win and most risky also, due to the volatility of currencies upward trend to trend downward or vice versa. In addition to the currency market there are other types of exchanges: exchanges, gold and silver, oil stock, stock and bonds, agricultural crops and energy. Either currency exchanges with various technical analysis indicators, and news analysis and rapid access to profits.
And the bond markets and sell the future (future-FUTURE) different basic and inadequate compared to the currency market: it stop working at the end of the day, you work with the next morning. And of course, if you are trading in the markets of Germany, for example, occurred in America events had a significant impact on the market, you may find the market at the beginning of its work significantly different from what you expect.
The Forex market is not a market literally, since it does not have a Center and does not have a specific place when trading. The trade practised by contacting telephone survey of computer and Internet simultaneously among the hundreds of banks around the world. Hundreds of the millions of dollars sold and purchased every few seconds, and this is the so-called Forex trading.
Forex market combines four regional markets: Australian and Asian, European and American. And continue trading when every working day, and 24-hour market works 24 hours a day. And the relative calm from 20: 00 until 01: 00 GMT, and was due to close the New York Stock Exchange at 8 pm and begin the Tokyo Stock Exchange in a.m..
The currency market is not about working hours because trade exchanges between banks that are located in different parts of the world. Currency rates and multiple large changes which helps to do some business operations during one day. It is known that falls had a significant impact on financial markets, which could lead to the collapse of stocks or bonds. As the Forex market, the US dollar's fall (for example) means the rise of other currency and there is no collapse like stock or bond market.
Established Forex (FOREX) for financial transactions between banks in 1971 when turned world trade transactions from using fixed values of currencies to float values. This is a result of financial transactions by financial market agents to transfer a certain amount of money in the currency of one country for currency of another country previously agreed value for a particular date. Determines the specific currency conversion rate for other currency simply: supply and demand for the conversion you agreeable.
The volume of transactions in the global capital market in steady growth. This is related to the significant development of world trade and lifting currency in many countries. That 80% of each transaction is a currency market speculation aimed at obtaining profits from Exchange rate differences. These speculations attracts many participants both from financial organizations or individual investors.
As a result of the enormous development in communication technology over the last two decades has changed this market in itself. The currency trader profession which was enclosed by the aura of secrecy has become almost unanimous. The trade in currencies which was until recently confined to the major monopolistic banks become affordable as a result of electronic commerce. Even the biggest banks in favour of electronic trading as well as on personal transactions between two parties.
The daily volume of trading currencies on the Forex market up to 3 trillion dollars. And for comparison recall that the size of the New York stock exchange activities does not exceed 300 billion dollars a day, any needed half a year to the New York Stock Exchange up currency market size.
And important characteristics of the Forex market is a property of the balance, although this seems strange. Everyone knows that property of the financial market is getting off. But the Forex market differs from the stock market in that land. When you lose the value of stock collapse. If the dollar collapsed, for example, that just means that another currency has become stronger-an example of the Japanese yen, which became in a few months of 1998 almost quarter stronger for the dollar. The falling dollar has arrived for some days in this period tens of per cent. Though never the collapse of market transactions continued as usual. In the currency market stability is limited and its associated action. Currency is a commodity full liquidity can be bought or sold at all times.
Currency market works every time without stops and is not related to hours of work assigned to the Bourse, transactions between banks in different parts of the globe. Changes in currency rates are significantly and repeatedly be sufficient to do several operations each day. If you have tried trading technology and guaranteed you can make it work don't compare the effectiveness of the effectiveness of any other area. Therefore we find big banks acquiring the most expensive equipment and used dozens of specialist trading in XHTML for the currency market.
That continued to engage in this work isn't great. In fact, that needs work in this area of the primary acquisition computer lesson and purchase information service and insurance value not exceeding all together a few of
 :